15/01/2026 Bertus Preller 1996 Hague Convention, Abducting parent defences, Abduction, Article 3 Hague Convention, Best interests of child short-term, Best Interests of the Child, Children, Cross-border parental rights recognition, Curator Ad Litem, Custody, Dependency model habitual residence, Domicile, Grave risk psychological harm, Habitual Residence, Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction, Inter-provincial custody, International child retention, Parental Alienation, Parental responsibility Italian law, Parental Rights, Relocation, Unmarried fathers, Unmarried Parents 1996 Hague Convention, acquiescence defence child abduction, Article 13 defences, Article 3 Hague Convention, best interests of child short-term, Central Authority South Africa, child custody Switzerland, cross-border parental rights recognition, curator ad litem appointment, custody rights unmarried fathers, dependency model habitual residence, family law international jurisdiction, Geneva habitual residence, grave risk psychological harm, habitual residence determination, Hague Convention child abduction, international child retention, international family law, Italian Civil Code Article 316, parental responsibility Italian law, parental rights operation of law, protective measures return orders, return order conditions, settled purpose intention residence, Swiss Civil Code parental rights, Swiss Federal Act Private International Law, unmarried parents custodial rights, wrongful removal children, wrongful retention South Africa Unmarried Parents’ Custodial Rights and Cross-Border Habitual Residence: Central Authority for the Republic of South Africa v MV and Another (1396/2024) [2025] ZASCA 197 (18 December 2025). Factual Background: From Geneva to Gauteng – The Retention of a Minor Child The factual matrix in this matter presents a textbook illustration of how international child retention disputes arise… READ MORE