15/01/2026 Bertus Preller 1996 Hague Convention, Abducting parent defences, Abduction, Article 3 Hague Convention, Best interests of child short-term, Best Interests of the Child, Children, Cross-border parental rights recognition, Curator Ad Litem, Custody, Dependency model habitual residence, Domicile, Grave risk psychological harm, Habitual Residence, Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction, Inter-provincial custody, International child retention, Parental Alienation, Parental responsibility Italian law, Parental Rights, Relocation, Unmarried fathers, Unmarried Parents 1996 Hague Convention, acquiescence defence child abduction, Article 13 defences, Article 3 Hague Convention, best interests of child short-term, Central Authority South Africa, child custody Switzerland, cross-border parental rights recognition, curator ad litem appointment, custody rights unmarried fathers, dependency model habitual residence, family law international jurisdiction, Geneva habitual residence, grave risk psychological harm, habitual residence determination, Hague Convention child abduction, international child retention, international family law, Italian Civil Code Article 316, parental responsibility Italian law, parental rights operation of law, protective measures return orders, return order conditions, settled purpose intention residence, Swiss Civil Code parental rights, Swiss Federal Act Private International Law, unmarried parents custodial rights, wrongful removal children, wrongful retention South Africa Unmarried Parents’ Custodial Rights and Cross-Border Habitual Residence: Central Authority for the Republic of South Africa v MV and Another (1396/2024) [2025] ZASCA 197 (18 December 2025). Factual Background: From Geneva to Gauteng – The Retention of a Minor Child The factual matrix in this matter presents a textbook illustration of how international child retention disputes arise… READ MORE
01/11/2025 Bertus Preller Abuse, Best Interests of the Child, Children, Conduct of Childcare Experts, Interlocutory applications, Motion proceedings, Parental Alienation, Parental Rights, Plascon Evans Rule, Procedural Law, Procedure, Referral to trial, Rule 6(5)(g), Sexual Abuse, Sexual Abuse Allegations abuse of process, child contact disputes, Children's Best Interests, Children’s Act 38 of 2005, coaching of child, court as upper guardian, credibility assessment, custody and access, Dispute of Fact, expert evidence family law, expert witness requirements, family advocate report, forensic psychologist report, interlocutory applications, judicial investigation children, motion proceedings, onus of proof family law, Parental Rights, Plascon-Evans rule, referral to trial, room hire principle, Rule 6(5)(g), section 28 best interests, sexual abuse allegations, shared parenting arrangements, South African Family Law, supervised contact, suspension of contact rights, unsubstantiated allegations Unproven Abuse Allegations and Expert Evidence: When Courts Reject Referral to Trial in Child Contact Disputes – C.N v I.G.R (D6383/2024) [2025] ZAKZDHC 68 (28 October 2025). The Factual Matrix: Allegations of Sexual Abuse and Protracted Litigation The case of C.N v I.G.R (D6383/2024) ZAKZDHC 68 (28 October 2025) presents a troubling factual scenario that will resonate… READ MORE
22/08/2025 Bertus Preller Alienation, Alimony, Arrear Maintenance, Arrear Maintenance Variation, Best Interests of the Child, Child Maintenance, Children, Contempt of Court, Interim Maintenance, Maintenance, Maintenance order enforcement, Parental Alienation, Parental Rights, Rule 43, Rule 43 Contempt, Rule 43 orders, Spousal Maintenance beyond reasonable doubt standard, child maintenance default, Children's Act contempt, civil criminal contempt hybrid, Constitutional Court contempt, constitutional rights contempt, contact order violations, contempt defenses, contempt of court, contempt proceedings procedure, court order enforcement, custody order violations, Divorce Act enforcement, fair trial rights, genuine inability defense, L.L.K v P.K case analysis, maintenance order enforcement, parenting plan contempt, punitive costs contempt, purge contempt conditions, Rule 43 maintenance, South African Family Law, spousal maintenance contempt, suspended imprisonment contempt, weekend imprisonment, wilful contempt mala fide From Case to Comprehensive Analysis: L.L.K v P.K (D317/2019) [2025] ZAKZDHC 54 Sparks Deep Dive into Contempt of Court in South African Family Law – Constitutional Protections, Enforcement Mechanisms, and Evolving Jurisprudence. Introduction and Context Contempt of court in South African law refers to the wilful and mala fide (bad faith) refusal to comply with a court order. In the realm of… READ MORE
07/08/2025 Bertus Preller Abuse, Adversarial Legal System, Child Bullying, Child protection, Children, Children's Court, Conduct of Childcare Experts, constitutional rights of children, Contempt of Court, Costs, Curator Ad Litem, Emotional Abuse, Family reunification, Grandparents Rights, Guardianship, Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction, Hostile Family Lawyers, Joint Decision Making, Parental Alienation, Parental Coordinator, Parental Rights, Punitive Cost Orders, Reunification, Reunification therapy, Section 28 Constitution, Views of the Child AB-PA, attachment-based parental alienation, Australian parenting orders, best interests of the child, child’s rights, children’s act, co-parenting programs, contempt enforcement, curator ad litem, custody variation, differential diagnosis, emotional abuse, expert evidence, Family Advocate inquiries, forensic psychologist, interim orders, international comparison, legislative reform, multi-disciplinary approach, parental alienation, parenting coordinator, preventive education, psychological assessment, reunification therapy, Rule 43 applications, South African Family Law, supervised contact, therapeutic court orders, UK CAFCASS model, US friendly parent factor Parental Alienation in South African Family Law: Legal Framework, Case Analysis, and Comparative Perspectives. Introduction Parental alienation has emerged as one of the most heart-wrenching dilemmas in South African family law, surfacing with alarming frequency in high-conflict divorces and custody battles. At its core,… READ MORE
18/07/2025 Bertus Preller Best Interests of the Child, Children, Children's Court, constitutional rights of children, Divorce, Family reunification, Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction, International Travel, Parental Alienation, Relocation, Reunification, Section 28 Constitution best interests of child, child abduction risk, child welfare, child's voice, children's act, contact arrangements, cross-border custody, custody dispute, custody evaluation, custody proceedings, expert evidence, Family Advocate, family court judgment, family law South Africa, habitual residence, interim custody, international child custody, international divorce, international family law, international jurisdiction, Mirror Orders, non-Hague country, Parental Abduction, parental coaching, Parental Rights, psychological assessment, Qatar family law, relocation application, Western Cape High Court When Borders Divide Families: M.K v A.J.K (11407/2023) [2025] ZAWCHC 288 (7 July 2025) – International Child Custody and the Qatar Dilemma. Factual Background: When Divorce Proceedings Cross International Borders This matter exemplifies the complex legal and practical challenges that arise when families with established lives in foreign jurisdictions face marital breakdown.… READ MORE
29/06/2025 Bertus Preller Abuse of Process, Alienation, Best Interests of the Child, Children, Children's Court, Costs, Divorce, Family Advocate, Joint Decision Making, Maintenance, Parental Alienation, Parental Rights, Rule 43, Rule 43 Cost Contributions, Spousal Maintenance, Variation Rule 43(6) B.P.M v J.L.M, best interests of the child, child contact, co-parenting, Colman v Colman, Contact rights, custody variation, divorce litigation, Du Preez v Du Preez, Family Advocate, family advocate report, family law South Africa, forensic psychologist, High Court Limpopo, interim maintenance, Mangena AJ, parental alienation, parenting plans, PAS, Rule 43 Application, Rule 43(6), shared residency, Soller v G, South African divorce law, spousal maintenance, spousal support South Africa, Variation Application, Visser v Visser, ZALMPPHC 96 Parental Alienation, Prolixity and the Best Interests Principle in B.P.M v J.L.M (1909/2024) [2025] ZALMPPHC 96 (13 May 2025). Background and Factual Matrix of the Rule 43(6) Dispute The matter before the court in B.P.M v J.L.M (1909/2024) ZALMPPHC 96 (13 May 2025) concerned a Rule 43(6) application brought… READ MORE
29/06/2025 Bertus Preller Best Interests of the Child, Child Bullying, Children, Children's Court, Costs, Curator Ad Litem, Divorce, Guardianship, Joint Decision Making, Maintenance, Parental Alienation, Parental Rights, Rule 43, Spousal Maintenance A.W.F v K.S.R, best interests of the child, blended family parental rights, care of minor children, child maintenance South Africa, Children’s Act sections 23 and 24, contested divorce interim relief, curator ad litem, divorce maintenance case, family law judgment, financial disclosure form, financial obligations in divorce, High Court Pretoria, High Court Rule 43 order, interim contact orders, interim divorce relief, Johannesburg family law, legal rights of stepparents, Parental Responsibilities, pendente lite maintenance, racial allegations in custody, Rule 43 legal principles, Rule 43 South Africa, shared custody rights, sibling bond divorce, spousal maintenance application, urgent contact disputes, vulnerable spouse, ZAGPPHC 503 Parental Rights, Spousal Support, and Racial Allegations: Inside A.W.F v K.S.R (052216/2024) [2025] ZAGPPHC 503 (16 May 2025) and the Rule 43 Balancing Act. The Factual Matrix: Disputed Care, Contact, and Maintenance in a Rule 43 Application In A.W.F v K.S.R (052216/2024) ZAGPPHC 503 (16 May 2025), the applicant approached the Gauteng Division of… READ MORE
24/06/2025 Bertus Preller Abduction, Best Interests of the Child, Children, Contempt of Court, Costs, Habitual Residence, Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction, Holiday Travel, Immigration, International Divorce, International Family Law, International Travel, Joint Decision Making, Parental Alienation, Parental Rights, Punitive Cost Orders, Relocation attorney and client scale, best interests of children, care and contact assessment, child abduction, child custody orders, contempt of court, contempt proceedings urgency, cross-border custody disputes, cross-border litigation, divorce proceedings, Easter holiday dispute, emergency passports, family court jurisdiction, Hague Convention, hearsay evidence, international child retention, international enforcement, judicial authority vindication, Jurisdictional Challenges, mala fides presumption, postponement applications, punitive costs, sine die postponement, South African Family Law, suspended imprisonment, Swiss courts, travel documentation, Western Cape High Court, wilful non-compliance When Easter Holidays Turn Into International Child Retention: T.A.M-W v C.M.M (2025/030666) [2025] ZAWCHC 217 (23 May 2025) and the Limits of Cross-Border Contempt Orders. Key Takeaways This landmark judgment demonstrates that South African courts will not hesitate to use their full arsenal of sanctions when parties deliberately flout agreed court orders, particularly where children's… READ MORE
27/02/2025 Bertus Preller Best Interests of the Child, Children, Costs, Parental Alienation, Procedure, Relocation attorney-client costs, best interests of child, Cape Town High Court, Child Relocation, children's act, co-holder rights, co-parenting decisions, dance education, dance talent, Hermanus relocation, Judge Pangarker, maintenance increase, maintenance variation, material non-disclosure, mediation withdrawal, non-disclosure penalties, Parental Rights, parenting plan, professional assessment, punitive costs order, Rule 6(12), school change dispute, Section 31 Children's Act, Self-Created Urgency, South African Family Law, urgent applications Dance Dreams vs Parental Rights: How Self-Created Urgency Cost a Mother in C.H v L.H (32/2025) [2025] ZAWCHC 11 (23 January 2025). The Facts: Dance Dreams and Relocation Dispute In the recent Western Cape High Court case of C.H v L.H (32/2025) ZAWCHC 11 (23 January 2025), Judge Pangarker was tasked with… READ MORE
26/12/2024 Bertus Preller Alienation, Best Interests of the Child, Children, Conduct of Childcare Experts, Holiday Travel, International Travel, Parental Alienation, Parental Rights, Relocation, Views of the Child best interests of the child, child custody relocation South Africa, child psychological impacts relocation, child relocation South Africa, child welfare relocation, Children’s Act 38 of 2005, co-parenting and relocation, F v F, family advocate relocation disputes, family law relocation, Godbeer case, High Court relocation cases, international relocation cases, interprovincial relocation South Africa, Jackson v Jackson, legislative gaps in relocation law, mediation in relocation disputes, parenting plans South Africa, Payne v Payne, relocation disputes South Africa, relocation law reform, shared parental responsibility South Africa, socio-economic factors in relocation, structured relocation checklist, Van Rooyen case Relocation Disputes in South Africa: Balancing the Child’s Best Interests and Parental Rights. Understanding Relocation Disputes and the Best Interests of the Child Relocation disputes arise when a parent wishes to move with a minor child, either within South Africa or internationally, and… READ MORE