15/06/2026 Bertus Preller 1996 Hague Convention, Abducting parent defences, Abduction, Article 13 defences, Article 13(a) consent, Article 13(b) grave risk, Children, Children's Court, Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction acquiescence, Ad Hoc Central Authority, ameliorative measures, Article 12, Article 13, Article 13(a), Article 13(b), Central Authority, Chapter 17, child abduction South Africa, Children’s Act 38 of 2005, Cloete J, ex post facto consent, grave risk defence, habitual residence, Hague Convention, International Child Abduction, KG v GB, Koch case, Penello, Plascon-Evans, relocation application, return order, rights of custody, Smith v Smith, Sonderup v Tondelli, undertakings, Western Cape High Court, wrongful retention Real, Positive and Unequivocal: How Ad Hoc Central Authority for the Republic of South Africa and Another v L.C.C (2026/034707) [2026] ZAWCHC 301 (10 June 2026) Tests Consent and Grave Risk Under the Hague Convention. This judgment is a useful working illustration of how our courts now approach return applications under the Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction, incorporated into our… READ MORE
15/01/2026 Bertus Preller 1996 Hague Convention, Abducting parent defences, Abduction, Article 3 Hague Convention, Best interests of child short-term, Best Interests of the Child, Children, Cross-border parental rights recognition, Curator Ad Litem, Custody, Dependency model habitual residence, Domicile, Grave risk psychological harm, Habitual Residence, Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction, Inter-provincial custody, International child retention, Parental Alienation, Parental responsibility Italian law, Parental Rights, Relocation, Unmarried fathers, Unmarried Parents 1996 Hague Convention, acquiescence defence child abduction, Article 13 defences, Article 3 Hague Convention, best interests of child short-term, Central Authority South Africa, child custody Switzerland, cross-border parental rights recognition, curator ad litem appointment, custody rights unmarried fathers, dependency model habitual residence, family law international jurisdiction, Geneva habitual residence, grave risk psychological harm, habitual residence determination, Hague Convention child abduction, international child retention, international family law, Italian Civil Code Article 316, parental responsibility Italian law, parental rights operation of law, protective measures return orders, return order conditions, settled purpose intention residence, Swiss Civil Code parental rights, Swiss Federal Act Private International Law, unmarried parents custodial rights, wrongful removal children, wrongful retention South Africa Unmarried Parents’ Custodial Rights and Cross-Border Habitual Residence: Central Authority for the Republic of South Africa v MV and Another (1396/2024) [2025] ZASCA 197 (18 December 2025). Factual Background: From Geneva to Gauteng – The Retention of a Minor Child The factual matrix in this matter presents a textbook illustration of how international child retention disputes arise… READ MORE
06/01/2026 Bertus Preller Abduction, Best Interests of the Child, Children, Family law international travel, Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction, Holiday Travel, International relocation, International Travel, International travel with minors, Relocation, Section 26B Citizenship Act, South African passport requirements best interests of child, citizenship offences major citizens, court authorization travel minors, custody international relocation, Da Silva Salie J, Department of Home Affairs, dispensing parental consent, divorce order contact rights, Family Advocate investigation, family law international travel, family law practitioners South Africa, immigration compliance minor children, international travel with minors, minor child travel authorization, parental rights international travel, passport non-compliance consequences, passport renewal minor child, section 26B Citizenship Act, section 28(2) Constitution, sibling relationships contact disputes, South African passport requirements, travel safeguards return flights, upper guardian powers, Western Cape High Court Section 26B Citizenship Act Does Not Apply to Minors: A.T.A v L.A.A (2025/246332) [2025] ZAWCHC 597 (19 December 2025) Clarifies International Travel Authorisation. Introduction The Western Cape High Court recently delivered an important judgment clarifying the application of passport and citizenship requirements to minor children travelling internationally. In A.T.A v L.A.A (2025/246332) ZAWCHC… READ MORE
13/08/2025 Bertus Preller Abduction, Best Interests of the Child, Children, Guardianship, Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction, Immigration, Relocation, Section 28 Constitution, Unilateral relocation, Views of the Child best interests, child welfare, children's rights, children's act, co-guardianship, conditional consent, consent affidavit, Constitutional Rights, cross-border enforcement, Family Law, guardianship, Hague Convention, international travel, just and equitable relief, Mirror Orders, overseas travel, parental acrimony, parental consent, Parental Responsibilities, passport applications, section 172, section 18, Section 28 Constitution, South African Law, travel disputes, travel documentation, unreasonable refusal, Western Cape High Court When Conditional Consent Becomes Unreasonable Refusal: Parental Rights and Overseas Travel in B.U v C.M and Others (2025/017920) [2025] ZAWCHC 342 (12 August 2025). Factual Background: A Tale of Parental Acrimony and Non-Cooperation The case of B.U v C.M and Others presents a deeply troubling portrait of how parental discord can prejudice a child's… READ MORE
24/06/2025 Bertus Preller Abduction, Best Interests of the Child, Children, Contempt of Court, Costs, Habitual Residence, Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction, Holiday Travel, Immigration, International Divorce, International Family Law, International Travel, Joint Decision Making, Parental Alienation, Parental Rights, Punitive Cost Orders, Relocation attorney and client scale, best interests of children, care and contact assessment, child abduction, child custody orders, contempt of court, contempt proceedings urgency, cross-border custody disputes, cross-border litigation, divorce proceedings, Easter holiday dispute, emergency passports, family court jurisdiction, Hague Convention, hearsay evidence, international child retention, international enforcement, judicial authority vindication, Jurisdictional Challenges, mala fides presumption, postponement applications, punitive costs, sine die postponement, South African Family Law, suspended imprisonment, Swiss courts, travel documentation, Western Cape High Court, wilful non-compliance When Easter Holidays Turn Into International Child Retention: T.A.M-W v C.M.M (2025/030666) [2025] ZAWCHC 217 (23 May 2025) and the Limits of Cross-Border Contempt Orders. Key Takeaways This landmark judgment demonstrates that South African courts will not hesitate to use their full arsenal of sanctions when parties deliberately flout agreed court orders, particularly where children's… READ MORE
14/02/2025 Bertus Preller Abduction, Children, Habitual Residence, Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction, Holiday Travel, International Travel, Views of the Child Article 12 Hague Convention, Article 13(b), best interests of the child, Central Authority of South Africa, child abduction defences, child abduction South Africa, child custody disputes, child protection laws, child return order, curator ad litem, family court judgments, habitual residence, Hague Convention, Hague Convention case law, Hague Convention rulings, Hague Convention South Africa, High Court Johannesburg, international child custody, international custody battles, international family law, international parental disputes, Legal Analysis, legal precedent South Africa, Parental Abduction, parental consent disputes, psychological harm defence, South African child law, South African High Court, wrongful removal Hague Convention Defences Prevail: Court Refuses Child’s Return in Central Authority of South Africa and Another v C.M (2023/077002) [2025] ZAGPJHC 99 (10 February 2025). The Hague Convention and International Child Abduction: A Legal Framework International child abduction cases are among the most complex disputes that courts must resolve, requiring a delicate balance between protecting… READ MORE
26/12/2024 Bertus Preller Abduction, Adoption, Alienation, Best Interests of the Child, Children, Guardianship, Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction, International Family Law, International Travel Australian family law, best interests of the child, child abduction, Child Custody, Child Relocation, child welfare, child’s views in family law, children’s act, comparative law, cross-border family disputes, Custody Battles, English family law, Family Advocate, Family Law, family law frameworks, family law reform, family mediation, Fletcher v Fletcher, French family law, Hague Convention, International Child Abduction, joint parental responsibility, legal aid in family law, parental authority, parental responsibility, Parental Rights, relocation disputes, relocation with children, sibling unity, South African Family Law Comparative Analysis: South African, English, Australian, and French Law on Parental Responsibility, Relocation, and Child Abduction. Parental Responsibility South Africa: Governed by Chapter 3 of the Children’s Act 38 of 2005, parental responsibilities and rights include care, contact, guardianship, and maintenance. These responsibilities are automatic for… READ MORE
23/12/2024 Bertus Preller Abduction, Appeal, Best Interests of the Child, Children, Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction, Holiday Travel, International Travel, Parental Alienation, Parental Rights, Procedure, Relocation Article 13(b), Australian courts, Central Authority, child abduction, child protection, child rights, child welfare, children's act, Constitutional Challenges, cross-border parenting, custody proceedings, domestic violence, Expeditious Proceedings, Family Advocate, grave risk defence, Hague Convention, international child return, international family law, international obligations, Judicial Discretion, judicial separation, legal precedent, Parental Rights, procedural delays, Protective Measures, South Africa, South African jurisdiction, Supreme Court of Appeal, time limits, undertakings, urgent applications When Time is Not on Your Side: Supreme Court Issues Urgent Warning on Hague Convention Delays in N M v Central Authority for Republic of South Africa and Another [2024] ZASCA 178 (19 December 2024). Introduction: A Child's Journey Between Two Continents The Supreme Court of Appeal recently delivered a landmark judgment in N M v Central Authority for Republic of South Africa and Another… READ MORE
22/06/2024 Bertus Preller Abduction, Best Interests of the Child, Children, Emotional Abuse, Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction, Parental Rights, Procedural Law, Psychological Abuse, Relocation Article 13(b), best interests of child, Central Authority, child abduction, constitutional law, cross-border custody, developmental delays, evidentiary standards, grave risk exception, habitual residence, Hague Convention, international family law, international treaties, Judicial Discretion, post-partum depression, prompt return principle, Protective Measures, South Africa, Supreme Court of Appeal, undertakings Solomon’s Dilemma in the Digital Age: SCA Navigates International Child Abduction in C.A.R v Central Authority (737/2023) [2024] ZASCA 103 (21 June 2024). Background of the Case: What Led to the Supreme Court of Appeal? In the annals of legal history, cases involving child custody (care and contact) often evoke the wisdom of… READ MORE
01/03/2024 Bertus Preller Abduction, Children, Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction, Parental Rights, Relocation, Views of the Child child custody law, child protection law, child welfare, Children's Best Interests, consent and acquiescence, cross-border family law, custody rights, Family Law, Hague Convention, International Child Abduction, international custody battle, Judicial Discretion, Justice Cloete, Legal Analysis, legal decision-making, legal fairness, Legal Jurisdiction, legal precedent, legal proceedings costs, MB v LC and Another, parental disputes, Plascon-Evans rule, South Africa legal system, wrongful retention Justice Prevails: Navigating International Child Abduction Law with Precision and Compassion. – MB v LC and Another (21586/2023) [2024] ZAWCHC 61 (29 February 2024). Introduction and Background The case adjudicated by Justice J Cloete, delves into a dispute under the Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction. This matter revolves around… READ MORE